全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5097篇 |
免费 | 269篇 |
国内免费 | 30篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 36篇 |
儿科学 | 75篇 |
妇产科学 | 63篇 |
基础医学 | 583篇 |
口腔科学 | 149篇 |
临床医学 | 282篇 |
内科学 | 1364篇 |
皮肤病学 | 92篇 |
神经病学 | 381篇 |
特种医学 | 291篇 |
外科学 | 852篇 |
综合类 | 20篇 |
预防医学 | 237篇 |
眼科学 | 129篇 |
药学 | 296篇 |
中国医学 | 22篇 |
肿瘤学 | 524篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 23篇 |
2022年 | 20篇 |
2021年 | 106篇 |
2020年 | 84篇 |
2019年 | 110篇 |
2018年 | 125篇 |
2017年 | 87篇 |
2016年 | 102篇 |
2015年 | 97篇 |
2014年 | 157篇 |
2013年 | 196篇 |
2012年 | 308篇 |
2011年 | 345篇 |
2010年 | 221篇 |
2009年 | 178篇 |
2008年 | 246篇 |
2007年 | 277篇 |
2006年 | 294篇 |
2005年 | 298篇 |
2004年 | 265篇 |
2003年 | 282篇 |
2002年 | 240篇 |
2001年 | 133篇 |
2000年 | 122篇 |
1999年 | 115篇 |
1998年 | 42篇 |
1997年 | 48篇 |
1996年 | 36篇 |
1995年 | 38篇 |
1994年 | 33篇 |
1993年 | 29篇 |
1992年 | 63篇 |
1991年 | 55篇 |
1990年 | 52篇 |
1989年 | 64篇 |
1988年 | 62篇 |
1987年 | 47篇 |
1986年 | 45篇 |
1985年 | 52篇 |
1984年 | 41篇 |
1983年 | 31篇 |
1982年 | 18篇 |
1981年 | 13篇 |
1980年 | 13篇 |
1979年 | 28篇 |
1978年 | 18篇 |
1977年 | 24篇 |
1975年 | 14篇 |
1974年 | 19篇 |
1969年 | 12篇 |
排序方式: 共有5396条查询结果,搜索用时 625 毫秒
41.
Taro Horino Yutaka Hatakeyama Osamu Ichii Tatsuki Matsumoto Yoshiko Shimamura Kosuke Inoue Yoshio Terada Yoshiyasu Okuhara 《Clinical and experimental nephrology》2018,22(2):337-345
Background
Hyperuricemia is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although topiroxostat, a novel, non-purine, selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor, has a strong effect against hyperuricemia, limited data are available on its renoprotective effect against CKD.Methods
This study was conducted between October 2014 and May 2016. Thirty patients (20 male, 10 female) were administered 40 mg/day of topiroxostat twice daily. All patients were followed for a year. To elucidate the effects of topiroxostat, we evaluated the clinically documented primary indication of progression, viz. laboratory evidence of kidney function decline (reference indicator), uric acid, and hypertension in different patient groups, separated according to their baseline uProt levels and baseline eGFR.Results
Topiroxostat treatment resulted in significant reduction in SUA (?1.53 mg/dL), systolic blood pressure (?8.9 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (?5.0 mmHg), and urinary protein excretion (?795.5 mg/gCr) compared with baseline values. However, serum creatinine and urinary NAG levels, and estimated glomerular filtration rate did not change significantly.Conclusions
Topiroxostat reduced SUA levels effectively and may exhibit renoprotective effect in hyperuricemic patients with CKD. Further studies are required to clarify whether topiroxostat prevents the progression of renal disease and improves the prognosis of CKD patients.42.
Chronological changes in the epidemiological characteristics of upper urinary tract urolithiasis in Japan 下载免费PDF全文
Shinichi Sakamoto Katsuhito Miyazawa Takahiro Yasui Taro Iguchi Misuzu Fujita Hiroaki Nishimatsu Takuro Masaki Toru Hasegawa Hatsuki Hibi Takashi Arakawa Ryosuke Ando Yoshinari Kato Noritaka Ishito Satoshi Yamaguchi Ryoji Takazawa Masao Tsujihata Tadashi Matsuda Koichiro Akakura Akira Hata Tomohiko Ichikawa 《International journal of urology》2018,25(4):373-378
43.
Mahammad Abbas Tafida Yukiko Wagatsuma Enbo Ma Taro Mizutani Toshikazu Abe 《Journal of orthopaedic science》2018,23(2):273-276
Background
Spine injury epidemiology in Japan has not been studied since the 1990s when its incidence was 39.4–40.2 per million and the major cause of injury was motor vehicle crashes. We elucidate the current epidemiological state of spinal injury and spinal injury patients in Japan for the clinicians and public health prevention programs.Methods
Spine injury patients were retrospectively selected from the Japan Trauma Data Bank (JTDB) from 2004 to 2013 for all ages and all spinal injuries. The Abbreviated Injury Scale codes (AIS98) were translated into injuries. The dataset was contributed by 241 hospitals nationwide. The data was analysed for the causes of spinal injury, injury severity, age, gender differences, injury types, survival, anatomic location, circumstances of injury and medical history.Results
A total of 25,792 (M, 70.1%, F, 29.9%, mean age: 53.4 years) spinal injury patients were recorded in the JTDB from 2004 to 2013, when multiple injuries were included the number of cases swelled to 33,892 (M, 70.4%, F, 29.6%). The number of patients with spinal injuries as a percentage of all traumatic patients in the JTDB was observed to increase from 2004 (15.4%) to 2013 (17.6%). The aetiology of the injuries was mostly falls (52.4%) and motor vehicle crashes (39.8%). Most injuries occurred at the cervical spine level (49.7%). Medical histories of cardiovascular diseases were found, due mostly to hypertension (19.6%). In total, most of the injuries were associated with fractures (64.8%) and others (30.7%) involved the spinal cord. Suicides (12.0%) and industrial accidents (9.0%) caused spine injury were uniquely prevalent in the population.Conclusion
The number of spine injuries has increased in the JTDB between 2004 and 2013. Motor vehicle crashes have been replaced by falls due to various causes as the leading cause of spine injury. Suicides and industrial accidents are becoming a burden. More studies are needed to verify the actual incidence. 相似文献44.
Honghui Wang Taro Misaki Vanessa Taupin Akiko Eguchi Pradipta Ghosh Marilyn G. Farquhar 《Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN》2015,26(2):314-327
Podocytes are critically involved in the maintenance of the glomerular filtration barrier and are key targets of injury in many glomerular diseases. Chronic injury leads to progressive loss of podocytes, glomerulosclerosis, and renal failure. Thus, it is essential to maintain podocyte survival and avoid apoptosis after acute glomerular injury. In normal glomeruli, podocyte survival is mediated via nephrin-dependent Akt signaling. In several glomerular diseases, nephrin expression decreases and podocyte survival correlates with increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling. How VEGF signaling contributes to podocyte survival and prevents apoptosis remains unknown. We show here that Gα–interacting, vesicle-associated protein (GIV)/girdin mediates VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling and compensates for nephrin loss. In puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis (PAN), GIV expression increased, GIV was phosphorylated by VEGFR2, and p-GIV bound and activated Gαi3 and enhanced downstream Akt2, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), and mammalian target of rapamycin complex-2 (mTORC2) signaling. In GIV-depleted podocytes, VEGF-induced Akt activation was abolished, apoptosis was triggered, and cell migration was impaired. These effects were reversed by introducing GIV but not a GIV mutant that cannot activate Gαi3. Our data indicate that after PAN injury, VEGF promotes podocyte survival by triggering assembly of an activated VEGFR2/GIV/Gαi3 signaling complex and enhancing downstream PI3K/Akt survival signaling. Because of its important role in promoting podocyte survival, GIV may represent a novel target for therapeutic intervention in the nephrotic syndrome and other proteinuric diseases. 相似文献
45.
Infection mechanism of biofilm‐forming Staphylococcus aureus on indwelling foreign materials in mice 下载免费PDF全文
Taro Makino Shiro Jimi Takuto Oyama Yuki Nakano Kouichi Hamamoto Kanako Mamishin Tomoko Yahiro Shuuji Hara Tohru Takata Hiroyuki Ohjimi 《International wound journal》2015,12(2):122-131
Indwelling foreign‐body infections are a critical medical problem, especially in immunocompromised patients. To examine the pathogenicity of biofilm‐forming bacteria settling on foreign materials, mice implanted with plastic discs were infected with Staphylococcus aureus. After opening a wide subcutaneous pocket on the dorsal side of mice with or without temporal leukocytopenia, a plastic sheet was placed in the left subcutaneous space; subsequently, bacteria in a planktonic state were dispersed over the subcutaneous space. Bacterial numbers were examined 7 days after inoculation. In subcutaneous tissue on the right, S. aureus was found only in leukocytopenic mice. Meanwhile, bacteria were detected on the plastic and neighbouring tissue in both leukocytopenic and normal mice; however, colony‐forming analysis indicated that leukocytopenic mice possessed significantly more bacteria. Tissue reaction against bacteria was pathologically examined. Invading S. aureus induced severe inflammation. In transient leukocytopenic mice, bacterial microcolonies formed on the plastic as well as in the developed necrotic tissue – both of which were shielded from inflammatory cell infiltration – result in bacteraemia. These results indicate that biofilm‐forming S. aureus settling on indwelling foreign material are tolerant against host immunity and assault neighbouring tissue, which may lead to chronic wound infection. 相似文献
46.
Giant cell‐rich osteosarcoma of the vertebra with murine double minute chromosome 2‐ and cyclin‐dependent kinase 4‐positive and histone H3F3A mutant p.Gly34Trp‐negative immunophenotypes 下载免费PDF全文
47.
48.
Correlation between mechanical stress by finite element analysis and 18F‐fluoride PET uptake in hip osteoarthritis patients 下载免费PDF全文
Yasuhide Hirata Yutaka Inaba Naomi Kobayashi Hiroyuki Ike Yohei Yukizawa Hiroshi Fujimaki Taro Tezuka Ukihide Tateishi Tomio Inoue Tomoyuki Saito 《Journal of orthopaedic research》2015,33(1):78-83
18F‐fluoride positron emission tomography (18F‐fluoride PET) is a functional imaging modality used primarily to detect increased bone metabolism. Increased 18F‐fluoride PET uptake suggests an association between increased bone metabolism and load stress at the subchondral level. This study therefore examined the relationship between equivalent stress distribution calculated by finite element analysis and 18F‐fluoride PET uptake in patients with hip osteoarthritis. The study examined 34 hips of 17 patients who presented to our clinic with hip pain, and were diagnosed with osteoarthritis or pre‐osteoarthritis. The hips with trauma, infection, or bone metastasis of cancer were excluded. Three‐dimensional models of each hip were created from computed tomography data to calculate the maximum equivalent stress by finite element analysis, which was compared with the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) examined by 18F‐fluoride PET. The SUVmax and equivalent stress were correlated (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient ρ = 0.752), and higher equivalent stress values were noted in higher SUVmax patients. The correlation between SUVmax and maximum equivalent stress in osteoarthritic hips suggests the possibility that 18F‐fluoride PET detect increased bone metabolism at sites of stress concentration. This study demonstrates the correlation between mechanical stress and bone remodeling acceleration in hip osteoarthritis. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:78–83, 2015. 相似文献
49.